Osmometers measure osmolality, the concentration of dissolved particles in a liquid, by cooling a sample until freezing and reading the depression of the freezing point. A 100 uL sample gives a result across 0 to 3000 mOsmol in 3 minutes or less, with repeatability of 1% and a pre-cooling time under 3 minutes. Automated calibration and cleaning cycles keep the probe ready between runs. In clinical work, serum and urine osmolality supports assessment of electrolyte balance, kidney function and poisoning, while pharmaceutical labs confirm that injectables and IV fluids are isotonic. Typical uses include clinical chemistry, pharmaceutical QC and cell culture media checks.