Homogenizers break down cells, tissues and particles and blend immiscible liquids into stable emulsions by applying intense mechanical or acoustic energy to the sample. Ultrasonic models drive a titanium probe at 19.5 to 25 kHz with 1.5 to 4000 W of power, cavitating volumes from 0.1 mL to 2.5 L through probes of 2 to 28 mm. High shear models spin a rotor inside a slotted stator at 200 to 12000 rpm for batches of 10 mL to 8 L in SUS304 heads. Handheld, tissue and sample homogenizers cover small biological samples. Typical uses include cell lysis for DNA, RNA and protein extraction, pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions, food processing, cosmetic creams and nanomaterial dispersion.